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To: tariqas@europe.std.com From: YahyaM@aol.com Subject: Sajdat al-sahw (The Prostration of Forgetfulness) Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 23:01:13 EST IIRC, in the Mālikī madhhab which I follow, there is a distinction between leaving something out by mistake and inserting something extra by mistake. In the former case, you make the sajdat al-sahw before the salām; in the latter, make it after the salām. When the Prophet, peace be upon him, was reported to have made up what he missed, that would mean a whole rak`ah. You can only do a whole rak`ah as a unit, not just a piece of it. I think the hadith reported that he had prayed only three rak`āt when there were supposed to be four. After the salām, they asked him if the prayer had been deliberately reduced to 3 rak`āt. He said no, there should have been four. So he made up the fourth one and finished with sajdat al-sahw. If you just missed one rukn of prayer, like you forgot a rukū` or a sujūd, but otherwise made all the rak`āt, then IIRC sajdat al-sahw is called for, but without doing another rak`ah. The Risālah of Ibn Abī Zayd al-Qayrawānī says: "Someone who does not know whether he did three or four rak`āt of his salāt should build upon what he knows for certain, and do the salāt of which he is in doubt, in this case the fourth rak`ah, adding a prostration after saying salām." Personally, like Faiz, if I can't remember how many rak`āt I did, I tend to give up and start all over again. But Ibn Abī Zayd says: "Someone who is obsessively doubtful about whether he made a mistake should shake off the doubt. No reparation obliges him, but he should do only a prostration after the salām. [i.e. a pair of prostrations--always in pairs.] Such a person who has obsessive doubts and is not sure whether he mistakenly added or omitted something should only prostrate after the salām. Someone who is sure of having made a mistake should prostrate after repairing his salāt. But is his mistakes are many and they disturb him much, he should amend his salāt without prostrating for his mistakes." So it seems his advice is not to obsess about it, and just to make the sajdat al-sahw, then leave it up to Allah and quit worrying about it. Only if you have made a total hash of your prayer and your mistakes "disturb you much," then you can bail out and start over again. If I understood that correctly. To answer some of Tyagi's questions: A madhhab is a school of Islamic jurisprudence. There are five of them. They all agree on the main points of Islamic law, but differ in some details. How do you select one when they differ? Simple. You decide which one suits you best, and then follow it all the time. You don't mix some from this one and some from that one. You just stay with one consistently, and have confidence that it's valid. As for the others, you accept their validity too without following them. The "essential acts" of salāt are called the arkān (singular is rukn), literally 'pillars'. 1. Tahārah (ritual purity) 2. Facing toward the qiblah (the direction of the Ka`bah) 3. Nīyah (intention). 4. Qiyām (standing). 5. Takbīr (saying "Allāhu akbar" while raising the hands--this initializes the salāt). 6. Tilāwah (recitation of al-Fātihah, the first sūrah of the Qur'ān, and sometimes another sūrah too). 7. Rukū` (bowing with hands on knees). 8. Qawmah (standing up straight again after bowing). 9. Sujūd (prostration). 10. Jalsah (sitting up in between prostrations). 11. Sujūd again. Acts 6-11 constitute one rak`ah. A prayer can contain 2, 3, or 4 rak`āt. After the first two, and after the final rak`ah, you sit for: 12. Tashahhud (recitation of some words including the confession of faith [shahādah]--this is where the index finger comes up.) 13. Salām (turning the head to the right shoulder and saying "al-salāmu `alaykum"). This concludes the salāt. There's a lot more to it than that, but IIRC these are the irreducible minimum requirements.
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