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To: alt.archaeology,sci.anthropology,sci.archaeology,soc.history.ancient From: "Charles Lincoln"Subject: Triads and Trinities of Gods and Goddesses Date: Sat, 04 Jan 2003 01:18:54 GMT The key names in discussing triads are (1) Georges Dumezil---if you're interested in trifunctionalism, he didn't just write the book, he wrote about two dozen books "Archaic Roman Religion" (University of Chicago Press) is the best available in English, most of the rest are in French, although several other titles have been translated; (2) Georges Duby "The Three Orders"---and other works, related to Dumezil but not imitative; (3) Dumezilian followers such as Jaan Puhvel "Comparative Mythology" (Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1989) (4) F. Scott Littleton "The New Comparative Mythology" (5) Charles Edward Lincoln, "Ethnicity and Social Organization at Chichen Itza, Yucatan", Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, Ph.D. Dissertation (1990). The Natchez of Mississippi, through their final destruction in 1729, also had an interesting trifunctional social structure composed of the "Suns" (=Maya "Ahaus"), the "Noble Persons," or the Warriors (under the leadership of someone with the intriguing French Name of "Serpent Pique" ("Tatooed" or "Ruffled" Serpent), and the "Honored Persons" (who were commoners who attained "honorific" status through sacrificial offerings of children and crops....All of these were above the lowly "puants" or "stinkards"----John L. Swanton is still the main source on these folks. Hawaiian society as described by Marshall Sahlins ("Islands of History") and Valerio Valeri ("Kingship and Sacrifice in Hawaii") was tri-functional/tripartite (as to the elite, anyhow). Trifunctionalism, it seems to me, is universal, even though Dumezil, who started the studies, originally believed it to be characteristically Indo-European. The American Constitution consists of a Dumezilian Triad of "Judge-Kings" (Article III, the Judiciary, with life-appointments), "Warrior-Kings" (Article II, the Executive "Commander-in-Chief" on down through the ranks), and the "Producers" (Article I, Congress, in charge of money, at least as "originally intended...."). Of course, the French "Ancien Regime" of Three-Estates: "Lords Spiritual" (the Clergy), "Lords Temporal" (the fighting, ordinary nobility who led armies), and the "Third Estate" or "Bourgeois" who led the Revolution of '89---is another trifunctional "constitution"---and the Revolutionary Flag or "Tricolour" embodies the three ancient Indo-European symbolic colors representing the three estates..... So there you have it.... "Saint David and the Angels" wrote in message news:3E14E8D3.ED2D16BD@hotmail.com... > Hello, > > I am compiling a list of triads, or trinities of gods, > and goddesses in various pantheons, for an article > I am writing. > > I am looking for something along the lines of the > Hindu Trimurti, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. > > Could you provide another example, along with > a book recommendation, and website? > > Signed, > > Saint David
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