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From: CRANMER@brivs2.bartol.udel.edu (Steven Cranmer)
To: alt.magick,alt.magick.tyagi,rec.arts.books,rec.arts.theatre.misc
Subject: Yeats and the Golden Dawn:  a bibliography (LONG)
Date: 2 Feb 1996 21:49:08 GMT

          THE GOLDEN DAWN IN YEATS SCHOLARSHIP :  A BIBLIOGRAPHY

                        Version 1.0, February 1996
        Copyright Steven R. Cranmer, 1996 (cranmer@bartol.udel.edu)
        WWW: http://www.bartol.udel.edu/~cranmer/cranmer_yeats.html

  The author grants the right to copy and distribute this file, provided
  it remains unmodified and original authorship and copyright is retained.
  The author retains both the right and intention to modify and extend
  this document.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

  I.    Introduction and Biographical Timeline
  II.   Bibliography
        1.   Books
        2.   Journal Articles
        3.   Book Reviews
        4.   Dissertations

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I.   INTRODUCTION AND BIOGRAPHICAL TIMELINE
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William Butler Yeats, the famed poet, playwright, and Irish revolutionary,
was also a ceremonial magician.  Understanding his lifelong involvement 
with the occult (and specifically, with the Hermetic Order of the Golden 
Dawn) is crucial for understanding his literary work.  Conversely, the
field of Yeats scholarship is a virtual gold mine for students of the
history of the Golden Dawn, since he ensured that many of his private
papers ended up in collections accessible to the scholarly public.

Below is a brief biographical timeline of Yeats's life, with special
emphasis on his participation in the Golden Dawn.  It does not attempt
in any way to be comprehensive of the many other significant events in
his life, however.

Thanks, by the way, go to LeGrand Cinq-Mars (rjb@u.washington.edu)
and to Peter Cawley (pcawley@island.net) for helpful suggestions to 
this project.

13 Jun 1865    Yeats born in "Georgeville," near Sandymount Castle, Dublin

       1885    Presides over Dublin Hermetic Society

30 Jan 1889    Yeats meets Maud Gonne

   Oct 1889    Joined Esoteric Section of Blavatsky's Theosophical
               Society

   Aug 1890    Resigned from Theosophical Society (or just from the
               Esoteric Section?)

07 Mar 1890    Joined Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Isis-Urania
               Temple, 17 Fitzroy St., London
 
               Took as Neophyte (0=0) the magical motto:  "Demon est
               Deus Inversus" (D.E.D.I.,  "the Devil is God inverted")

               About this phrase, Blavatsky said:

     "This symbolic sentence in its many-sided forms is certainly
      most dangerous and iconoclastic in the face of all the dualistic
      later religions -- or rather theologies -- especially so in
      the light of Christianity."

                           - H. P. Blavatsky, _The_Secret_Doctrine_
                             (I, 411-424), quoted by Virginia Moore in
                             _The_Unicorn,_ endnote VI:29.

16 Nov 1891    Maud Gonne joins the Isis-Urania Temple, with 0=0 motto:
               "Per Ignum Ad Lucem"  ("Through the Fire, to the Light")

20 Jan 1893    Yeats advances to the grade of Portal

28 Jun 1893    Yeats advances to the grade of Zelator Adeptus Minor (5=6)

   Jun 1895    Yeats passed Part 1 of Z.A.M. examination

07 Dec 1898    First "spiritual marriage" between Yeats and Maud Gonne

   Mar 1900    Mathers ousted by Isis-Urania Temple, Yeats elected
               "Instructor in Mystical Philosophy"

   Mar 1901    Yeats publishes  "Is the Order of the R.R. & A.C. to Remain
               a Magical Order?"

       1903    Felkin's Stella Matutina & Waite's Holy Order split.
               Yeats remains with Felkin's Temple, now named "Amoun"

10 Jul 1912    Felkin certifies Yeats's examination for the grade of
               Theoricius Adeptus Minor

16 Oct 1914    Yeats advances to the grade of Adeptus Major (6=5)

       1915    Yeats writes "For initiation of 7=4", an unpublished poem,
               reproduced on p. 170 of Moore's _Unicorn_

       1916    Yeats advances to the grade of Adeptus Exemptus (7=4);
               Felkin emigrates to New Zealand

20 Oct 1917    Yeats marries Georgie Hyde-Lees, with Ezra Pound as 
               best man

       1920    After several years of discord in the Amoun Temple,
               Felkin rejects Yeats as Ruling Chief

       1922    Yeats resigns from the Stella Matutina

       1925    Dedicates _A_Vision_ to "Vestigia" (Moina Mathers):

    "Perhaps this book has been written because a number of young men
     and women, you and I among the number, met nearly forty years ago
     in London and in Paris to discuss mystical philosophy."

       1929    Yeats visits the Hermes Temple of the Stella Matutina,
               in Bristol

28 Jan 1939    Yeats dies at Roquebrune, in the South of France

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III.   BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1.  BOOKS:

Bachchan, Harbans Rai.  W. B. Yeats and Occultism: a Study of his Works
  in Relation to Indian Lore, the Cabbala, Swedenborg, Boehem, and 
  Theosophy.  (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1965, LC SA-66-4612).

Flannery, Mary Catherine.  Yeats and Magic: the Earlier Works.  Number
  2 in the series "Irish Literary Studies."  (Gerrards Cross: Smythe,
  1977, ISBN 0901072699; New York: Barnes and Noble, 1977,  ISBN
  0064921026).

Gorski, William T.  Yeats and Alchemy.  Series Title: "SUNY Series in
  Western Esoteric Traditions."  (New York: State University of New York
  Press, to be published in 1996, ISBN 0791428419).

Greer, Mary K.  Women of the Golden Dawn: Rebels and Priestesses.
  (Rochester, Vermont: Park Street Press, 1995, ISBN 0892815167).
  Mainly about Florence Farr, Annie Horniman, Maud Gonne, and Mina
  Bergson, but contains a lot of information about Yeats.

Harper, George Mills.  W. B. Yeats and W. T. Horton: the Record of an
  Occult Friendship.  (Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press,
  1980, ISBN 0391019074).

Harper, George Mills, ed.  Yeats and the Occult.  Series Title:  "Yeats
  Studies Series."  (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1975, ISBN 0770513085;
  London: Macmillan, 1975).  Contains 15 articles:
    "Yeats's Occult Papers" (G. M. Harper), "Psychic Daughter, Mystic
    Son, Sceptic Father" (W. M. Murphy), "Yeats as Adept and Artist"
    (W. H. O'Donnell), "Hades Wrapped in Cloud" (K. Raine), "Yeats,
    Spiritualism, and Psychical Research" (A. Goldman), " 'Preliminary
    Examination of the Script of E[lizabeth] R[adcliffe]' " (G. M.
    Harper and J. S. Kelly), " 'A Subject of Investigation': Miracle at
    Mirebeau" (G. M. Harper), " 'He loved strange thought': W. B. Yeats
    and William Thomas" (R. J. Finneran and G. M. Harper), "Michael
    Robartes; Two Occult Manuscripts" (W. K. Hood), "Mr. Yeats, Michael
    Robartes, and their Circle" (M. J. Sidnell), " 'Lionel Johnson comes
    the first to mind': Sources for Owen Aherne" (W. Gould), "W. B. Yeats
    and S. L. MacGregor Mathers" (L. W. Fennelly), "Yeats and Mr. Watkins'
    Bookshop" (G. N. Watkins), "An Encounter with the Supernatural in 
    Yeats's 'The Spirit Medium' " (S. Hirschberg), "A Preliminary Note
    on the Text of _A_Vision_ (1937)" (R. J. Finneran).

Harper, George Mills.  Yeats's Golden Dawn: the Influence of the Hermetic
  Order of the Golden Dawn on the Life and Art of W. B. Yeats.  (London:
  Macmillan, 1974, ISBN 0333150309;  New York: Barnes and Noble, 1974,
  ISBN 0064927180;  San Bernardino, California: Borgo Press, 1989, ISBN
  080957070X).  The definitive history of Yeats's involvement with the
  Golden Dawn.  Contains many of his letters and several private papers.

Hough, Graham.  The Mystery Religion of W. B. Yeats.  (Brighton, Sussex:
  Harvester Press, 1984;  Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1984,
  ISBN 0389204641).

Kinahan, Frank.  Yeats, Folklore, and Occultism: Contexts of the Early
  Work and Thought.  (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988, ISBN 0048000620).

Levine, Herbert J.  Yeats's Daimonic Renewal.  Number 16 in the Series:
  "Studies in Modern Literature."  (Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research
  Press, 1983, ISBN 0835714276).  Miscellaneous mystical and philo-
  sophical issues in Yeats's work.

Moore, Virginia.  The Unicorn: William Butler Yeats' Search for Reality.
  (New York: Macmillan, 1954, LC 54-9962;  reprinted by New York: Octagon
  Books, 1973, ISBN 0374958564).  The first work of serious scholarship
  which really came to terms with Yeats' pursuit of "occult" topics.

Olney, James.  The Rhizome and the Flower: the Perennial Philosophy --
  Yeats and Jung.  (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980,
  ISBN 0520037480).  Outlines the background mystical/magical concepts
  in Yeats's poetry, with a Jungian interpretation.

Raine, Kathleen.  Yeats the Initiate: Essays on Certain Themes in the
  Work of W. B. Yeats.  (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1986, ISBN
  0048090212;  Mountrath, Ireland: Dolmen Press, 1986 ISBN 085105398X;
  Savage, Maryland: Barnes and Noble, 1990, ISBN 0389209511).  Contains
  14 articles, most reprinted or revised, and profuse illustration:
    "Hades wrapped in a Cloud" (1976), "Fairy and Folk Tales of Ireland,
    an Introduction to Yeats's Selection" (1973), "Ben Bulben Sets the
    Scene" (1981), "AE" (1975), "Yeats's debt to Blake" (1966), "From
    Blake to 'A Vision'" (1979), "Yeats, the Tarot, and the Golden Dawn"
    (1972), "Death-in-Life and Life-in-Death" (1974), "Blake, Yeats, and
    Pythagoras" (1982), "Yeats and Kabir" (1984), "Purgatory" (1986),
    "Yeats and the Creed of St. Patrick" (1986), "Giraldus" (1986), 
    "Yeats's Singing School: A personal acknowledgment" (1980).

Raine, Kathleen.  Yeats, the Tarot, and the Golden Dawn.  Number 2 in
  the Series: "New Yeats Papers."  (Dublin: Dolmen Press, 1972, ISBN
  0851051952;  dist. by Humanities Press, 1976, ISBN 0851052843).
  Reproduces several diagrams from Mathers' and Yeats's G.D. notebooks.

Roberts, Marie.   British Poets and Secret Societies.  (London and
  Sydney: Croom Helm Ltd: ISBN 0709922558;  Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes
  and Noble Books: ISBN 0389206059).  A detailed study of Masonic and
  occult influences on the poetry of Smart, Burns, Shelley, Kipling, 
  and Yeats.  Contains many inaccuracies, though.

Shimazu, Akira.  W. B. Yeats and Occultism.  (Tokyo, 1985).  In Japanese.

Surette, Leon.  The Birth of Modernism: Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, W. B.
  Yeats, and the Occult.  (Montreal, Buffalo:  McGill-Queen's University
  Press, 1993, ISBN 0773509763).

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2.  JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Bornstein, George, and Gould, Warwick.  " 'To a Sister of the Cross and
  the Rose': an Unpublished Early Poem."  Yeats Annual, No. 7, ed. Warwick
  Gould, 1990, pp. 179-183.

Cawley, Peter.  "The Castle of Heroes: W. B. Yeats' Celtic Mystery Order,"
  Alexandria: The Journal of the Western Cosmological Traditions, Vol. 2,
  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Phanes Press, 1993.

Coltrane, Robert.  "Legend, Autobiography, and the Occult in 'The Cap
  and Bells': a Fusion of Disparate Entities."  Yeats: An Annual of
  Critical and Textual Studies, Vol. VIII, ed. Richard J. Finneran, 1990,
  pp. 129-143.

Deane, Seamus.  "Yeats and the Occult."  London Review of Books, Vol. 27,
  October 1984, pp. 18-31.

Donoghue, Denis.  "The Magic of W. B. Yeats."  New York Review of Books,
  Vol. 41, No. 8, April 21, 1994, pp. 49-55.

Gilbert, R. A.  "Magical Manuscripts: an Introduction to the Archives of
  the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn."  Yeats Annual, No. 5, ed.
  Warwick Gould, 1987, pp. 163-177, 4 plates.  A highly recommended
  overview of extant G.D. primary source material.  Reprints several
  letters and documents related to Yeats.

Gilbert, R. A.  "MSS in a Black Box: the Golden Dawn Papers of Dr.
  William Wynn Westcott."  Yeats Annual, No. 6, ed. Warwick Gould, 1988,
  pp. 227-233.

Gilbert, R. A.  Obituary: "Ellic Howe (20 September 1910 - 28 September
  1991)."  Yeats Annual, No. 10, ed. Warwick Gould, 1993, pp. 261-263.

Gilbert, R. A.  " 'The One Deep Student': Yeats and A. E. Waite."  Yeats
  Annual, No. 3, ed. Warwick Gould, 1985, pp. 3-13.

Gould, Warwick, and Toomey, Deirdre.  " 'Cycles Ago...', Maud Gonne and
  the Lyrics of 1891."  Yeats Annual, No. 7, ed. Warwick Gould, 1990, 
  pp. 184-193.  Gonne's activities in the Golden Dawn are reviewed.

Gould, Warwick.  "Editor's Introduction."  Yeats Annual, No. 11, ed.
  Warwick Gould, 1995, pp. xix-xxii.  Discusses the 1993 production of
  Florence Farr's and Olivia Shakespear's plays "The Beloved of Hathor"
  and "The Shrine of the Golden Hawk."

Gould, Warwick.  "Paracelsus in Excelsis."  Yeats Annual, No. 11, ed.
  Warwick Gould, 1995, pp. 176-184.  Discusses Yeats's fascination with
  the famous alchemist, Theophrastus Paracelsus von Hohenhheim, as well as
  attributions of various quotes and mottoes used by Yeats.

Grubb, H. T. Hunt.  "Yeats as an Occultist."  The Occult Review, Vol. 
  LXVII, No. 4, October 1940, pp. 191-195.

Harper, George Mills.  "From Zelator to Theoricus: Yeats 'Link with the
  Invisible Degrees.' "  Yeats Studies, an International Journal, No. 1,
  eds. Robert O'Driscoll and Lorna Reynolds, 1971, pp. 80-86.

Harper, George Mills.  " 'Meditations upon Unknown Thought': Yeats's
  Break with MacGregor Mathers."  Yeats Studies, an International Journal,
  No. 1, eds. Robert O'Driscoll and Lorna Reynolds, 1971, pp. 175-202.

Kelly, John S.  "Yeatsian Magic and Rational Magic: an Uncollected
  Review of W. B. Yeats."  Yeats Annual, No. 3, ed. Warwick Gould, 1985,
  pp. 182-189.

Kuch, Peter.  "Yeats and the Occult."  Prudentia, Supplementary Number:
  "The Concept of Spirit," 1985, pp. 199-218.

Longenbach, James.  "The Secret Society of Modernism: Pound, Yeats, Olivia
  Shakespear, and the Abbe de Montfaucon de Villars."  Yeats Annual, No.
  4, ed. Warwick Gould, 1986, pp. 103-120.  Contains much about "Le Comte
  de Gabalis."

Pearce, Donald R.  "The Systematic Rose."  Yeats Annual, No. 4, ed. Warwick
  Gould, 1986, pp. 195-200.  Discusses Tarot correspondences.

Toomey, Deirdre.  " 'Worst Part of Life': Yeats's Horoscopes for Olivia
  Shakespear."  Yeats Annual, No. 6, ed. Warwick Gould, 1988, pp. 222-226.

Tryphonopoulos, Demetres P.  "Ezra Pound's Occult Education."  Journal of
  Modern Literature, Vol. 17, No. 1, Summer 1990, pp. 73-96.  Deals with
  Pound's association with Yeats.

Weatherly, Joan.  "Yeats, the Tarot, and the Fool."  College Literature,
  Vol. 13, No. 1, Winter 1986, pp. 112-121.

Wonham, Henry B.  " 'Natural and Supernatural with the Self-same Ring are
  Wed': Yeats, Balzac, and the Advantages of Monism."  The Yeats Eliot
  Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 39-53.

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3.  BOOK REVIEWS:

Allen, James Lovic.  Book review of "The Mystery Religion of W. B. Yeats,"
  by Graham Hough.  Yeats Annual, No. 4, ed. Warwick Gould, 1986, pp. 265-
  267.

Endo, Paul.  Book review of "The Birth of Modernism: Ezra Pound, T. S.
  Eliot, W. B. Yeats, and the Occult," by Leon Surette.  University of
  Toronto Quarterly, Vol. 64, No. 1, Winter 1994, pp. 167-168.

Gilbert, R. A.  Book review of "British Poets and Secret Societies," by
  Marie Roberts.  Yeats Annual, No. 6, ed. Warwick Gould, 1988, pp. 290-293.

Gould, Warwick.  Book review of "The Alchemist of the Golden Dawn: the
  Letters of the Revd. W. A. Ayton to F. L. Gardner and Others, 1886-
  1905," ed. Ellic Howe.  Yeats Annual, No. 5, ed. Warwick Gould, 1987,
  pp. 279-280.

Harden, E. F.  Book review of "The Birth of Modernism: Ezra Pound, T. S.
  Eliot, W. B. Yeats, and the Occult," by Leon Surette.  Choice, Vol. 31,
  No. 1, September 1993, p. 125.

Harper, George Mills.  Book review of "British Poets and Secret Societies,"
  by Marie Roberts.  Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies,
  Vol. VI, ed. Richard J. Finneran, 1988, pp. 313-314.

Harper, George Mills.  Book review of "The Golden Dawn Companion," by
  R. A. Gilbert.  Yeats Annual, No. 7, ed. Warwick Gould, 1990, pp. 262-
  263.

Harper, George Mills.  Book review of "Yeats the Initiate," by Kathleen
  Raine.  Yeats Annual, No. 7, ed. Warwick Gould, 1990, pp. 263-266.

Harper, George Mills.  Book review of "The Mystery Religion of W. B.
  Yeats," by Graham Hough.  Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual
  Studies, Vol. IV, ed. Richard J. Finneran, 1986.

Howe, Ellic.  Book review of "The Golden Dawn: Twilight of the Magicians,"
  by R. A. Gilbert.  Yeats Annual, No. 3, ed. Warwick Gould, 1985, pp. 276-
  278.

Neill, Edward.  Book review of "Yeats's Golden Dawn," by George Mills
  Harper.  Times Educational Supplement, No. 3736, Feb. 5, 1988, p. 27.

Olney, James.  Book review of "Yeats the Initiate," by Kathleen Raine.
  Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies, Vol. VII, ed. Richard
  J. Finneran, 1989, pp. 249-254.

Sheppard, Richard.  Book review of "The Birth of Modernism: Ezra Pound, 
  T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, and the Occult," by Leon Surette.  Journal of
  European Studies, Vol. 24, No. 94, June 1994, pp. 169-170.

Torchiana, Donald T.  Book review of "W. B. Yeats: The Occult and
  Philosophical Backgrounds," ed. T. R. Spivey.  Yeats: An Annual of
  Critical and Textual Studies, Vol. I, ed. Richard J. Finneran, 1983,
  pp. 221-226.

Wollaeger, Mark A.  Book review of "The Birth of Modernism: Ezra Pound, 
  T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, and the Occult," by Leon Surette.  The Journal
  of English and Germanic Philology, Vol. 93, No. 3, July 1994, pp. 465-
  469.

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4.  DISSERTATIONS:

Breidenbach, Kathleen Patricia.  "Patterns Upon a Persian Carpet: Symbolism
  and Occult Ritual in the Plays of W. B. Yeats."  State University of 
  New York at Stony Brook, 1992, UMI No. 9310004.

Eaves, Gregory Nigel.  "Figures of the Imagination: a Yeatsian Noumenology."
  University of California, Davis, 1989.  UMI No. 9002733.

Fennelly, Laurence William.  "S. L. MacGregor Mathers and the Fiction of
  W. B. Yeats."  Florida State University, 1973.  UMI No. 7330279.

Flannery, Mary Catherine.  "Yeats and Magic: the Earlier Works."  Indiana
  University, 1973.  UMI No. 7407009.

Gerety, Jane.  "Poetry and Magic: A Study of Yeats's Poems of Meditation."
  University of Michigan, 1982.  UMI No. 8304494.

Gorski, William Thomas.  "Yeats and Alchemy."  University of Maryland
  College Park, 1989.  UMI No. 8924155.

Havredaki, Irene Georgiou.  "In Search of a Common Myth: Influences of
  Mysticism and Occultism in W. B. Yeats 'A Vision.' "  University of
  Connecticut, 1991.  UMI No. 9128849.

Heim, William James.  "Aleister Crowley and W. B. Yeats: A Study in
  Magic and Art."  Indiana University, 1974.  UMI No. 7509020.

Kalogera, Lucy Shepherd.  "Yeats's Celtic Mysteries."  Florida State
  University, 1977.  

Meggison, Lauren Louise.  "Keepers of the Flame: Hermeticism in Yeats,
  H.D., and Borges."  University of California, Irvine, 1987.  UMI No.
  8710250.

Schuchard, Marsha Keith Manatt.  "Freemasonry, Secret Societies, and the
  Continuity of the Occult Traditions in English Literature."  University
  of Texas at Austin, 1975.  UMI No. 7524957.

Segrest, Mabelle Massey.  "The Tree of Life in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats."
  Duke University, 1979.  UMI No. 8008193.

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This document is Copyright (c) 1996, authors cited.

All rights reserved.  Permission to distribute the collection is
hereby granted providing that distribution is electronic, no money
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nagasiva, tyagi
tyagI@houseofkaos.Abyss.coM (I@AM)